Sauté the vegetables: Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the red onion, red bell peppers, green bell peppers, and diced jalapeño. Sauté for about 4 minutes, until the vegetables begin to soften and lightly brown.
Add the remaining filling: Add the frozen corn and cook for another 2 minutes. Stir in the black beans, fire-roasted diced tomatoes, lime juice, garlic powder, cumin, oregano, paprika, cayenne or red chili powder, and salt.
Combine with rice: Stir everything together and remove the skillet from the heat. Taste and adjust the seasoning as needed. Add the cooked brown rice and mix thoroughly.
Add cheese: Stir 1 cup of the shredded cheddar cheese into the rice and vegetable mixture.
Prepare the casserole: Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Lightly grease a baking dish and transfer the rice mixture into it, spreading it into an even layer.
Top with cheese: Sprinkle the remaining cheddar cheese and Mexican blend cheese evenly over the top.
Bake: Bake in the center of the oven for 12–15 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and bubbling.
Broil if desired: For a lightly golden top, place the casserole under the broiler for a few minutes, watching carefully so the cheese does not burn.
Garnish and serve: Let the casserole rest briefly, then garnish with chopped cilantro and sliced jalapeño. Cut into portions and serve warm.