Heat a large cast-iron skillet over medium-high heat. Add ground beef and cook while breaking it into small crumbles. Season with salt and pepper.
Stir in taco seasoning, tomato paste, and water. Cook until the beef is fully browned and coated in seasoning, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat.
In another skillet, heat vegetable oil to about 1/2-inch depth over medium-high heat. Fry tortilla strips until golden and crispy, about 2 minutes. Transfer to paper towels and season lightly with salt.
In a large bowl, season chopped romaine with a pinch of salt. Add tomatoes, black beans, and the seasoned beef mixture. Toss gently.
Top the Taco Salad with cheddar cheese, pico de gallo, cilantro, and crispy tortilla strips. Finish with dollops of sour cream before serving.