Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the linguine until al dente according to the package directions. Reserve ½ cup of pasta water before draining.
Season the chicken with salt, pepper, paprika, and Italian seasoning.
Heat 1 tablespoon butter in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the chicken in a single layer and cook for 4–5 minutes, turning occasionally, until golden brown and fully cooked.
Transfer the chicken to a plate.
Reduce the heat to medium. Add the remaining butter to the skillet, followed by the minced garlic. Cook for about 30 seconds until fragrant.
Stir in the lemon zest and lemon juice, scraping up the flavorful browned bits from the pan.
Return the chicken to the skillet and toss until evenly coated in the lemon garlic butter sauce. Keep warm.
Meanwhile, melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat.
Pour in the heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer.
Gradually whisk in the Parmesan cheese until completely smooth.
Season with garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
Toss the cooked linguine with the creamy Parmesan sauce. Add reserved pasta water if needed to create a silky consistency.
Divide the creamy pasta among serving plates and top with the Lemon Garlic Butter Chicken Parmesan Linguine.
Garnish with chopped parsley and extra Parmesan before serving.