Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper and lightly grease it if necessary.
Dice the butternut squash, Brussels sprouts, and apple into bite-sized pieces.
Spread the butternut squash and Brussels sprouts over the prepared baking sheet. Toss with 2 tablespoons olive oil, thyme, salt, and black pepper.
Roast for about 20 minutes. Move the vegetables slightly to make room for the diced apple, then add the apple to the baking sheet.
Continue roasting for another 10–15 minutes, or until the squash and Brussels sprouts are tender and lightly caramelized. Remove from the oven and allow everything to cool slightly.
Meanwhile, cook the pasta in salted boiling water according to the package directions. For firmer pasta, cook it 1–2 minutes less than the suggested time.
Drain the pasta and toss it with a small drizzle of olive oil to prevent sticking. Set aside to cool.
Prepare the maple Dijon vinaigrette by whisking the olive oil, balsamic vinegar, Dijon mustard, maple syrup, garlic, salt, and black pepper together until smooth and emulsified.
Add the cooled pasta, roasted vegetables and apple, goat cheese, and dried cranberries to a large serving bowl.
Pour the vinaigrette over the salad and gently toss until everything is evenly coated. Serve the Fall Harvest Pasta Salad slightly warm, at room temperature, or chilled.