In a medium bowl, whisk together the Dijon mustard, lemon juice, Worcestershire sauce, mayonnaise, garlic, and anchovy paste until smooth and creamy.
Stir in the grated Parmesan cheese and black pepper. Set the dressing aside.
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta until al dente according to package instructions, about 10 minutes.
Drain the pasta and transfer it to a large serving bowl. Let it cool slightly.
Chop the romaine hearts into bite-sized pieces.
Add the romaine lettuce and cooked chicken to the bowl with the pasta.
Pour the dressing over the salad and toss until evenly coated.
Top the Chicken Caesar Pasta Salad with croutons and extra Parmesan cheese before serving.
Serve immediately or refrigerate until ready to enjoy.