Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Cook the penne pasta according to the package instructions. Drain and set aside.
In a medium saucepan over medium heat, combine the butter, heavy whipping cream, and cream cheese. Stir until fully melted and smooth.
Add the minced garlic, garlic powder, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper. Continue whisking until well blended.
Stir in the grated parmesan cheese and bring the sauce to a gentle simmer. Cook for about 3–5 minutes until the Alfredo sauce begins to thicken.
Add the cooked pasta and shredded chicken to the saucepan and mix until everything is well coated with the creamy sauce.
Transfer half of the pasta mixture into a 9×13 inch baking dish. Sprinkle half of the mozzarella cheese on top.
Add the remaining pasta mixture and finish with the remaining mozzarella and ¼ cup parmesan cheese.
Bake for 20–30 minutes until the cheese is melted, golden, and bubbly.
Allow the pasta to rest for about 5 minutes before serving.