Place the pecans in a nonstick skillet over medium-low heat. Add the brown sugar, chipotle chili powder, and a pinch each of salt and pepper.
Cook for 6–8 minutes, stirring frequently, until the sugar has melted and formed a caramel-like coating around the pecans. Watch carefully because the sugar and nuts can burn quickly.
Transfer the coated pecans to parchment paper and allow them to cool completely. Separate any pieces that stick together, or roughly chop the pecans if desired.
Make the fig vinaigrette by whisking the apple cider vinegar, fig preserves, garlic, crushed red pepper flakes, salt, and black pepper in a bowl.
Slowly whisk in the extra virgin olive oil until the dressing is smooth and emulsified. Taste and adjust the seasoning if necessary.
Place the arugula and/or spring greens in a large serving bowl and season lightly with salt and pepper.
Arrange the sliced Honeycrisp apple, dried cherries or cranberries, crumbled goat cheese, and spiced pecans over the greens.
Drizzle the dressing over your Autumn Arugula Salad, toss gently, and serve immediately.